Ekvivalenssipisteellä

Ekvivalenssipisteellä is a Finnish term that translates to "at the equivalence point" in English. It is a concept primarily used in chemistry, specifically in titrations. A titration is a quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution, called the analyte, by reacting it with a solution of known concentration, called the titrant. The equivalence point is reached when the amount of titrant added is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte present in the sample.

At the equivalence point, all of the analyte has reacted completely with the titrant according to the stoichiometry of the reaction. For acid-base titrations, this means the moles of acid equal the moles of base. For redox titrations, it means the moles of oxidizing agent equal the moles of reducing agent, adjusted by their stoichiometric coefficients. The equivalence point is a theoretical point and is usually detected experimentally by observing a change in a physical property, such as a color change indicated by an indicator or a sudden change in pH. The point at which this change is observed is called the endpoint. Ideally, the endpoint should coincide with the equivalence point, but slight differences can occur due to experimental limitations. Understanding the equivalence point is crucial for accurate calculation of the unknown concentration in a titration.