ELISAanalyyseissä

ELISAanalyyseissä, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a widely used laboratory technique for detecting and quantifying specific antibodies or antigens in a sample. The method is based on the principle of antibody-antigen interaction, where a capture antibody is immobilized on a solid phase, typically a microtiter plate. The sample containing the analyte of interest is then added, allowing the analyte to bind to the capture antibody. After washing to remove unbound material, a detection antibody conjugated to an enzyme is added. This detection antibody binds to the analyte, and the enzyme activity is measured using a suitable substrate. The amount of enzyme activity is proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. ELISA is highly sensitive, specific, and can be adapted for various analytes, making it a valuable tool in clinical diagnostics, research, and quality control. The technique can be performed in different formats, including direct, indirect, competitive, and sandwich assays, each suited for specific applications.