ECCC

EccC is a protein component of the type III secretion system (T3SS) found in various Gram-negative bacteria. The T3SS is a complex molecular machine that bacteria use to inject effector proteins directly into the cytoplasm of host cells. This injection mechanism is crucial for bacterial virulence, allowing pathogens to manipulate host cell functions for their own benefit. EccC is an essential part of the T3SS structure, playing a vital role in the assembly and function of the secretion apparatus.

Specifically, EccC is a transmembrane protein located within the inner membrane of the bacterial envelope. It is believed to form part of the sorting platform or basal body of the T3SS, which is the structure embedded in the bacterial membranes. EccC interacts with other T3SS components, including the export apparatus and the needle complex, facilitating the translocation of effector proteins across the bacterial membranes and into the extracellular environment or directly into host cells. Mutations in the gene encoding EccC often result in a complete loss of T3SS function, highlighting its indispensable role in the secretion process. The precise molecular mechanisms of EccC's function are still an active area of research.