Dresden

Dresden is the capital city of the German state of Saxony, situated on the banks of the River Elbe in eastern Germany. With a population of about 560,000, it forms the core of a metropolitan region of more than one million inhabitants. The city’s origins date back to the 12th century, but it gained prominence in the 16th century when the Electorate of Saxony established Dresden as its residence, fostering a flourishing of art, architecture, and science.

During the Baroque period Dresden became known as “Elbflorenz” (Florence on the Elbe) for its richly decorated palaces, churches, and museums. Notable landmarks include the reconstructed Frauenkirche, the Dresden Zwinger palace complex, and the Semperoper opera house. The city endured extensive damage in February 1945 when Allied bombing created a firestorm that destroyed much of the historic centre; reconstruction efforts in the post‑war era restored many monuments while integrating modern infrastructure.

Today Dresden is a cultural and academic hub, hosting institutions such as the Technische Universität Dresden and the Dresden University of Fine Arts. Its economy is diversified, with strengths in microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, and tourism. The city’s transport network features an extensive tram system, regional rail connections, and Dresden Airport, providing links to domestic and international destinations. Dresden’s blend of historic heritage and contemporary development continues to attract visitors and scholars alike.