Dovozu

Dovozu, or import, is the act of bringing goods or services produced abroad into a country for sale, consumption, or use. It is a core element of international trade and is typically measured by value or volume. The level of imports influences the balance of trade, exchange rates, domestic prices, and employment.

In Czech, dovozu is the genitive form of dovoz, meaning import. The term is used in economic and policy contexts to distinguish imported goods from domestically produced ones. As a concept, import refers to transactions that involve payment for goods or services shipped from a foreign economy and entering the domestic market.

Imports can be categorized by their role in the economy: consumer imports (goods bought directly for households), intermediate imports (goods used as inputs in manufacturing), and capital imports (machinery and equipment used for investment). Some imports are temporary or duty-free, while others are subject to tariffs, quotas, licensing requirements, or standards.

Policy and regulation shape the level and structure of dovozu. Governments use tariffs, non-tariff barriers, quotas, and trade agreements to influence import volumes. Customs procedures, exchange rates, and domestic demand conditions also affect the cost and feasibility of importing.

Economic effects of imports include access to a wider range of goods, price competition, and technology transfer, as well as potential adverse impacts on certain domestic industries and employment if not offset by productivity gains. In macroeconomics, imports interact with exports to determine a country’s current account and overall economic performance.