Dosekvivalens

Dosekvivalens refers to the concept of comparing the biological effects of different doses of radiation or other biologically active substances. It is particularly relevant in radiation protection and medical physics. The fundamental idea is to express the biological impact of a given exposure in a standardized way, allowing for easier comparison and risk assessment. For radiation, this often involves converting absorbed dose into equivalent dose. Absorbed dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit mass, typically measured in Grays (Gy). Equivalent dose, however, takes into account the differing biological effectiveness of various types of radiation. For example, alpha particles are more damaging than gamma rays at the same absorbed dose. To account for this, a radiation weighting factor (wR) is applied to the absorbed dose to derive the equivalent dose, measured in Sieverts (Sv). Different tissues and organs also have varying sensitivities to radiation, leading to the concept of effective dose. Effective dose is calculated by further weighting the equivalent dose to each organ by a tissue weighting factor (wT), reflecting the relative contribution of that organ to the overall stochastic health risk. This allows for a single value representing the overall detriment from a non-uniform exposure. Beyond radiation, dose equivalence can also be applied to drugs or other chemical exposures, comparing the effects of different substances at varying concentrations or quantities.