Diszpergensek

Diszpergensek, the Hungarian term for dispersants, are chemical additives that improve the distribution and stability of dispersed systems. They function by lowering interfacial tension and by adsorbing to particle surfaces to generate electrostatic or steric repulsion that slows aggregation and sedimentation.

Dispersants encompass surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic) and polymeric substances. Surfactants mainly alter surface properties, while polymeric dispersants create a steric barrier around particles. In some industries, specialized dispersants are formulated for specific colloids, such as cement particles or pigment suspensions.

Common applications include paints and coatings, inks, cement and concrete admixtures, food emulsions, pharmaceuticals suspensions, and agricultural formulations. In cement chemistry, dispersants reduce water demand and improve flow; in pigments, they prevent flocculation and improve color strength.

Performance depends on pH, ionic strength, temperature, particle size, and the presence of other additives. Selecting a dispersant involves considerations of adsorption behavior, molecular weight, charge, compatibility, and environmental impact, including biodegradability and regulatory status.

Diszpergensek are central to formulation science and surface chemistry, with ongoing research to improve efficiency, environmental profile, and compatibility across industries.