Dipolstråling

Dipolstråling refers to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by an electric dipole. An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. When these charges oscillate, they create a time-varying electric and magnetic field that propagates outward as electromagnetic waves.

The intensity and pattern of this radiation, known as the radiation pattern, are characteristic of the dipole. For a simple oscillating dipole aligned along an axis, the radiation is strongest perpendicular to the dipole axis and zero along the axis itself. This results in a doughnut-shaped radiation pattern. The power radiated by the dipole depends on the amplitude of the oscillation and the length of the dipole compared to the wavelength of the radiation.

The concept of dipolstråling is fundamental in understanding antennas. Many antennas, such as the half-wave dipole, are designed based on the principles of dipolstråling. These antennas are used to transmit and receive radio waves and other electromagnetic signals. The mathematical description of dipolstråling involves Maxwell's equations and is often expressed using vector potentials and retarded fields. It is a key concept in electromagnetic theory and has wide-ranging applications in physics and engineering.