Digitalin

Digitalin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C22H30O14. It is a cardiac glycoside, a type of naturally occurring compound found in certain plants, particularly Digitalis purpurea, also known as foxglove. The name "digitalin" is a short form of the scientific name Digitalis purpurea and indicates its origin.

In medicine, digitalin is used primarily to treat heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia. It works by increasing the strength of heart muscle contractions, thereby improving cardiac output. Digitalin is a positive inotropic agent, meaning it increases the heart's ability to pump blood. It also has negative chronotropic effects, which means it can decrease the heart rate.

Digitalin was first isolated in the early 19th century by French chemist Pierre Robiquet. Prior to its isolation, digitalis leaves were used by physicians to treat heart conditions. Digitalin is still used today as a medication, although its use has declined with the development of newer, more targeted heart medications.

The therapeutic effects of digitalin are split between its two main forms: digitoxin and digoxin. Digitoxin is more lipophilic and accumulates in fatty tissues, whereas digoxin is more water-soluble and stays in the bloodstream. Both forms are used therapeutically, but their half-lives and elimination rates differ. Digitalin is generally well-tolerated but can have adverse effects such as arrhythmias, nausea, and vomiting.