Diffraktionsbegrænsning

Diffraktionsbegrænsning, also known as diffraction-limited resolution, is a fundamental concept in optics and imaging that describes the smallest distance between two points that can be resolved by an imaging system. This limit is primarily determined by the wave nature of light and the properties of the optical system, such as the aperture size and the wavelength of light used.

The resolution of an optical system is typically characterized by the Rayleigh criterion, which states that two point sources are just resolvable when the center of the diffraction pattern of one is at the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other. This occurs when the angular separation between the two points is approximately 1.22 times the wavelength of light divided by the diameter of the aperture.

Diffraktionsbegrænsning imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of optical systems, including microscopes, telescopes, and cameras. To overcome this limit, various techniques have been developed, such as using shorter wavelengths (e.g., ultraviolet or electron microscopy) or employing advanced optical systems like super-resolution microscopy.

In practical applications, diffraktionsbegrænsning can be mitigated by using larger apertures, shorter wavelengths, or by employing techniques that manipulate the wavefront of light, such as adaptive optics or phase contrast microscopy. However, it remains a critical consideration in the design and optimization of optical systems.