Differentialverstärker

Differentialverstärker is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages while rejecting any voltage common to both inputs. This common-mode rejection is a key characteristic and makes differential amplifiers useful in applications where noise or unwanted signals are present on both input lines. The output voltage of a differential amplifier is proportional to the difference between its two input terminals. Mathematically, the output voltage Vout can be expressed as Vout = Ad * (Vp - Vn), where Ad is the differential gain and Vp and Vn are the non-inverting and inverting input voltages respectively. An ideal differential amplifier would have infinite common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). The CMRR quantifies how well the amplifier rejects common-mode signals. Differential amplifiers are fundamental building blocks in many electronic circuits, including operational amplifiers (op-amps), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and sensor signal conditioning circuits. They are widely used to accurately measure small signals in the presence of larger common-mode disturbances.