Diætrekonstruktioner

Diætrekonstruktioner, or dietary reconstructions, are scientific endeavors to understand the diets of past populations or organisms. This field draws upon a variety of archaeological and biological evidence to infer what ancient beings consumed. Key methods include the analysis of faunal and floral remains found at archaeological sites, such as animal bones, shells, seeds, and pollen. These provide direct evidence of consumed or used plants and animals.

Isotopic analysis of human and animal remains is another crucial technique. By examining the ratios of stable isotopes (like carbon and nitrogen) in bones and teeth, researchers can determine the relative proportions of plant-based versus animal-based foods in the diet, and even the specific types of plants or animals consumed. For example, different plant species have distinct isotopic signatures based on their photosynthetic pathways.

Paleofecal analysis, the study of ancient feces, offers direct evidence of undigested food residues. Microscopic analysis of dental calculus (tartar) can reveal fragments of food particles, pollen, and even DNA, offering insights into dietary habits and oral health. Comparing these various lines of evidence allows for a more comprehensive understanding of past diets, shedding light on subsistence strategies, resource utilization, and environmental interactions. These reconstructions are vital for understanding human evolution, migration patterns, and the impact of environmental changes on past societies.