Densifikation

Densifikation, in urban planning terms, refers to strategies that increase the density of built form and population within existing urban areas. The aim is to accommodate growth and reduce outward sprawl by adding housing and mixed-use development in established neighborhoods, often around transit nodes, while preserving core urban functions.

Methods and tools include infill development on vacant or underused land, redevelopment of underutilized sites, and vertical expansion through taller buildings. Zoning policies may be adjusted to allow higher permissible densities, accompanied by density bonuses, inclusionary zoning, or transfer of development rights. Mixed-use development and transit-oriented development are common approaches, as are design guidelines and quality standards to maintain livability. Streamlined permitting and coordinated infrastructure planning often accompany these measures.

Potential benefits include increased housing supply, more efficient use of public transit and utilities, reduced urban sprawl, and potential energy savings from compact development. Densification can stimulate local economies and make neighborhoods more walkable. However, it also poses challenges, such as risks to affordability and potential displacement if new development outpaces protections for existing residents. Increased demand on schools, roads, and utilities, as well as concerns about neighbourhood character and livability, must be addressed through careful design and planning.

Governance and measurement involve coherent land-use planning, infrastructure alignment, and stakeholder engagement. Key metrics include dwelling units per hectare, floor area ratio, population density, and the share of housing created through densification. Monitoring helps ensure that densification improves housing supply and mobility while preserving inclusivity and environmental quality.