Densifikaation

Densification, sometimes spelled densifikaation in some languages, is the process by which something becomes denser, increasing its mass per unit volume without necessarily changing its composition. The term is used across disciplines, with context-specific meanings.

Urban planning and geography: In urban planning, densification refers to increasing building density or population within existing urban areas, typically through infill development, redevelopment of underused sites, and zoning reforms that permit taller buildings or more units per parcel. The aim is to curb urban sprawl, improve accessibility, and support public transit, while balancing infrastructure capacity and quality of life. Critics point to potential downsides such as crowding, gentrification, and loss of green space.

Geotechnical engineering and soil science: In soils, densification is the process of increasing soil density by compaction, vibration, or loading. It improves bearing capacity and reduces settlement risk but can increase stiffness and sometimes reduce drainage. Typical measures include field and laboratory compaction tests to determine maximum dry density and optimum moisture content.

Materials science: In powder metallurgy and ceramics, densification refers to increasing density by removing porosity through compaction, pressing, and sintering or hot isostatic pressing. Densification raises strength and reduces permeability, but control of porosity is often needed for tailored properties.

Ecology and forestry: In ecological contexts, densification can describe increasing stand density or biomass in a given area, with implications for light availability, competition, and biodiversity.