Demóstenes

Demosthenes was an ancient Greek statesman and orator of Athens. Born in 384 BC, he inherited a considerable fortune but lost much of it to his guardians. He subsequently pursued a career in law and politics, dedicating himself to overcoming a speech impediment to become a powerful orator.

His most famous works are his Philippics, a series of speeches denouncing the expansionist policies of Philip II of Macedon. Demosthenes tirelessly warned the Athenians of the impending threat and urged them to resist Macedonian dominance. He was a leading voice in the Athenian assembly and a key figure in shaping Athenian foreign policy during a turbulent period.

Demosthenes played a significant role in the lead-up to the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, where Athens and its allies were defeated by Philip II. Despite this setback, he continued to advocate for Athenian independence. After the death of Philip and the subsequent uprising against his son Alexander the Great, Demosthenes was again a prominent figure.

He faced further challenges with the rise of Alexander. He was implicated in a revolt against Alexander and, to avoid capture, is said to have taken his own life in 322 BC, fleeing to the island of Kalaureia. Demosthenes is remembered as one of the greatest Greek orators and a symbol of resistance against foreign domination. His speeches remain influential examples of rhetoric and political discourse.