Deinstitutionaliseerimine

Deinstitutionalisation refers to the process of moving individuals with mental health conditions or intellectual disabilities from large, often isolated institutions into community-based settings. This shift in care philosophy gained momentum in the latter half of the 20th century, driven by a growing understanding of the negative effects of long-term institutionalization, such as social isolation, loss of autonomy, and the potential for abuse. The core idea behind deinstitutionalisation is to provide care and support in less restrictive environments that promote integration into the community, individual choice, and a higher quality of life.

The movement advocates for the development of a comprehensive network of community mental health services, including outpatient clinics, supported housing, day programs, and crisis intervention teams. The aim is to offer personalized care that addresses the specific needs of each individual, fostering their independence and social participation. While the principle of deinstitutionalisation is widely accepted, its implementation has faced challenges. These can include underfunding of community services, difficulties in transitioning individuals from institutions, and stigma associated with mental health conditions. Successful deinstitutionalisation requires careful planning, adequate resources, and a commitment to ongoing support for individuals in their local communities.