Daganatvakcinák

Daganatvakcinák, also known as cancer vaccines, are a type of immunotherapy that aims to stimulate the patient's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent infectious diseases, therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to treat existing cancer. They work by presenting cancer-specific antigens to the immune system, thereby activating immune cells like T cells and B cells to mount an anti-tumor response.

There are several approaches to developing daganatvakcinák. Some vaccines utilize tumor cells themselves, either whole or fragmented, to expose the immune system to cancer antigens. Others use specific tumor-associated antigens, which are proteins or other molecules found on the surface of cancer cells. These antigens can be delivered through various platforms, including viral vectors, DNA, RNA, or peptides. Personalized cancer vaccines are a more recent development, where vaccines are tailored to the unique genetic mutations present in an individual's tumor.

The efficacy of daganatvakcinák can vary depending on the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, and the individual patient's immune response. While some clinical trials have shown promising results, particularly in certain blood cancers and in combination with other cancer treatments, widespread approval and application are still evolving. Research is ongoing to improve the effectiveness of these vaccines, overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by cancer cells, and identify patient populations most likely to benefit.