DNAmolekyyleihin

DNAmolekyyleihin refers to deoxyribonucleic acid molecules in Finnish. DNA is a complex molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is a double helix structure composed of two polynucleotide chains. Each chain consists of nucleotides, which are made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The bases on one strand pair with specific bases on the other strand through hydrogen bonds: adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. This complementary base pairing is crucial for DNA replication and information transfer. The sequence of these bases along the DNA molecule encodes genetic information, dictating the production of proteins and other molecules essential for life. DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The study of DNA, known as molecular biology, has revolutionized our understanding of heredity and biological processes.