DNAmolekylet

DNAmolekylet, or the DNA molecule, is the fundamental building block of genetic information in virtually all living organisms. Its structure is a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder. Each strand of this ladder is composed of a chain of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of three parts: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T).

The two strands of the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T), and guanine always pairs with cytosine (G-C). This specific pairing, known as complementary base pairing, is crucial for DNA replication and the accurate transmission of genetic information. The sequence of these bases along the DNA molecule forms the genetic code, which dictates the synthesis of proteins and ultimately influences an organism's traits and functions. DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Its ability to store, transmit, and replicate genetic information makes it essential for life.