DNAkorjauksen

DNAkorjauksen, often translated as DNA repair, refers to the biological processes that protect the integrity of a cell's genetic blueprint by repairing DNA damage. DNA is constantly exposed to a variety of damaging agents, both from external sources like ultraviolet radiation and certain chemicals, and from internal metabolic processes within the cell. If left unrepaired, this damage can lead to mutations, which can have detrimental effects on cell function and organismal health, including contributing to aging and diseases like cancer.

Cells have evolved a sophisticated network of DNA repair pathways to counteract these threats. These pathways can be broadly categorized based on the type of damage they address. For instance, base excision repair (BER) corrects small defects such as modified bases, while nucleotide excision repair (NER) handles bulky lesions that distort the DNA helix. Mismatch repair (MMR) corrects errors that arise during DNA replication. Double-strand breaks, some of the most dangerous types of DNA damage, are repaired through homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).

The efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms is crucial for maintaining genomic stability. Dysfunctional DNA repair is linked to a range of genetic disorders and an increased susceptibility to cancer. Research into DNAkorjauksen continues to unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms involved, offering insights into disease prevention and the development of therapeutic strategies.