Décomposeur

Décomposeur is a term used in ecology to refer to organisms that break down dead organic matter. These organisms, primarily bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems. When plants and animals die, their complex organic molecules are too large for other organisms to utilize directly. Décomposeurs possess specialized enzymes that break down these complex substances into simpler inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water, and mineral nutrients.

This process of decomposition is essential for releasing nutrients back into the soil, water, and atmosphere, making them available for producers like plants to absorb and use. Without décomposeurs, dead organic material would accumulate, and essential nutrients would be locked up, preventing new life from thriving. They are therefore vital for the continuous functioning of food webs and the overall health of the environment. Examples of décomposeurs include various species of fungi like mushrooms and molds, as well as a vast array of bacteria. Invertebrates like earthworms and some insects also contribute to decomposition by breaking down larger pieces of organic matter, making it more accessible for microorganisms.