Cytokinernes

Cytokinernes are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating various growth and developmental processes. Primarily produced in the root tips and then transported to other parts of the plant, cytokinins are essential for cell division (cytokinesis), from which they derive their name. They also influence a wide range of physiological responses.

Key functions of cytokinins include promoting cell division and differentiation, which are fundamental for plant growth and organ formation. They are known to delay senescence, the aging process in plant tissues, by preventing protein degradation and chlorophyll breakdown, thus keeping leaves green for longer. Cytokinins also interact with other plant hormones, particularly auxins, to control apical dominance, the phenomenon where the central stem grows more strongly than the lateral stems. This interaction is vital for shaping the overall architecture of the plant.

Furthermore, cytokinins can influence nutrient mobilization, helping to direct resources to areas of active growth. They are involved in processes like bud formation and development, and can promote the formation of shoots in tissue culture. Their synthesis and activity are tightly regulated by the plant in response to environmental cues and developmental signals, ensuring appropriate growth and adaptation.