Cystolitholapaxy

Cystolitholapaxy is a medical procedure used to break up and remove bladder stones, also known as calculi. It is a minimally invasive surgical technique typically performed under general or spinal anesthesia. The procedure involves inserting a specialized instrument called a cystoscope into the bladder through the urethra. The cystoscope has a light source and a camera, allowing the surgeon to visualize the inside of the bladder and the stones.

Once the stones are located, various methods can be employed to break them into smaller fragments. These methods include lithotripsy, which uses acoustic or ultrasonic waves, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, which uses a shock wave generated by an electrical spark, or laser lithotripsy, which utilizes a laser beam. Mechanical lithotrites can also be used to crush the stones. After the stones have been fragmented, the smaller pieces are then removed from the bladder using suction or irrigation.

The advantages of cystolitholapaxy include a shorter recovery time compared to open surgery, reduced risk of complications, and a lower incidence of scarring. It is generally effective for stones of various sizes, though very large or numerous stones may require multiple sessions or alternative treatment approaches. Following the procedure, patients may experience temporary discomfort, a burning sensation during urination, or blood in the urine. These symptoms typically resolve within a few days.