Cryosäilytys

Cryosäilytys, known in English as cryopreservation, is a process of preserving biological materials at very low temperatures, typically around -196 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The primary goal of cryosäilytys is to prevent cellular damage caused by ice crystal formation. This is achieved by using cryoprotective agents, which are substances that help reduce ice formation and protect cells from the harmful effects of freezing.

The applications of cryosäilytys are diverse and expanding. It is widely used in fertility treatments to preserve sperm, eggs, and embryos for future use. In scientific research, it is crucial for storing cell lines, tissues, and microorganisms for long-term study and experimentation. Cryosäilytys also plays a role in conservation efforts, allowing for the preservation of genetic material from endangered species.

The process involves carefully cooling the biological sample to a specific temperature. The rate of cooling is critical, as too rapid cooling can cause thermal shock, while too slow cooling can lead to excessive ice crystal growth. Once the sample reaches the desired low temperature, it is stored in specialized cryogenic storage units. Thawing the sample requires a controlled warming process to minimize damage. While cryosäilytys has been successful in preserving many types of biological material, ongoing research aims to improve its efficiency and expand its applications to more complex structures like whole organs.