Contratual

Contratual is an adjective used in several languages to describe matters relating to a contract. In English, the corresponding term is contractual. The root comes from Latin contractus, and the word has become a standard label in civil and commercial law.

In legal contexts, contractual obligations are those created by the consent of the parties to a contract. They include duties such as payment, delivery, performance, and warranty, and they are governed by the terms of the contract and applicable law. The contract specifies the rights and duties of the parties and sets remedies for breach, such as damages or specific performance.

Contractual terminology contrasts with extracontractual or non-contractual obligations, which arise from acts independent of a contract, such as torts or unjust enrichment. Where a contract is formed, its clauses—often described as contractual clauses—control performance, timelines, price, and risk allocation.

Usage in romance-language contexts includes Spanish phrases like obligaciones contractuales and cláusulas contractuales, and Portuguese phrases such as obrigações contratuais and cláusulas contratuais. In English-language texts, common expressions include contractual obligations and contract clauses. The concept underpins how parties allocate risk and enforce promises, and it interacts with broader contract law principles such as formation, interpretation, performance, and remedies.