CohesinSA2

CohesinSA2 is a protein complex component involved in the regulation of sister chromatid cohesion during cell division. It is a specific subunit of the cohesin complex, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper alignment and separation of sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. Proper functioning of cohesinSA2 ensures accurate chromosome segregation, thereby preventing aneuploidy and maintaining genomic stability.

The cohesin complex typically consists of core subunits including SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and STAG proteins. CohesinSA2 is distinguished from another variant, cohesinSA1, by its specific association with different chromosomal regions and roles during the cell cycle. CohesinSA2 predominantly associates with centromeres and other specific chromosomal sites during early mitosis and is involved in spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.

Research indicates that mutations or dysfunctions in cohesinSA2 can lead to chromosomal instability, which is associated with various developmental disorders and cancers. The expression and regulation of cohesinSA2 are tightly controlled throughout the cell cycle, and its interactions with other proteins are essential for its role in chromosome cohesion and separation.

CohesinSA2 has also been implicated in the regulation of gene expression and DNA repair processes, reflecting its multifaceted functions within the cell. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cohesinSA2 activity contributes to insights into cell division fidelity and the pathology of cohesin-related genetic diseases.