Citokinézisben

Citokinézisben is a Hungarian term that translates to "in cytokinesis" in English. Cytokinesis is a fundamental process in cell division that occurs after nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis). It is the physical process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells. This event is crucial for the reproduction of unicellular organisms and for growth and development in multicellular organisms.

The mechanism of cytokinesis varies between animal and plant cells. In animal cells, a contractile ring composed of actin and myosin filaments forms a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell in two. This process involves the inward movement and constriction of the ring until the cell membrane is completely divided. In plant cells, cytokinesis is different due to the presence of a rigid cell wall. Instead, a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell, originating from vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus. This cell plate grows outwards and eventually fuses with the existing cell wall, separating the two new daughter cells.

The precise timing and regulation of cytokinesis are tightly controlled by a complex network of molecular signals and protein interactions. Errors in cytokinesis can lead to aneuploidy, where daughter cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can have significant implications for cell function and organismal health. Therefore, understanding the process of cytokinesis, or "citokinézisben," is vital for comprehending cell biology, development, and disease.