Cisoid

Cisoid refers to a molecule where two specific groups are located on the same side of a double bond or a ring structure. This is in contrast to the trans isomer, where these groups are on opposite sides. The term cisoid is often used in organic chemistry to describe the geometric configuration of alkenes or cyclic compounds. For example, in a disubstituted alkene, if the two substituents are on the same side of the double bond, it is referred to as a cis isomer. Similarly, in a ring, if two substituents are on the same face of the ring, they are considered cis to each other. The cisoid conformation is important because it can influence the chemical reactivity and physical properties of a molecule, such as its boiling point and solubility. In the context of double bonds, the cis isomer generally has a higher boiling point and melting point compared to its trans counterpart due to its more polar nature and stronger intermolecular forces. The cisoid arrangement can also be crucial for biological activity, as seen in naturally occurring molecules. For instance, cis-retinal is essential for vision in animals. The distinction between cis and trans isomers is a fundamental concept in stereochemistry.