Centromerüknél

Centromerüknél refers to the centromere region of a chromosome. The centromere is a constricted segment of a chromosome that is crucial for cell division. It is the point where sister chromatids are held together after DNA replication and before they are separated during mitosis and meiosis. This specialized region plays a vital role in the accurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells.

The structure of a centromere is characterized by repetitive DNA sequences and a unique protein complex called the kinetochore. The kinetochore assembles on the centromere and serves as the attachment site for spindle fibers, which are responsible for pulling the chromosomes apart. The precise location of the centromere on a chromosome can vary, leading to different chromosome shapes. Based on the centromere's position, chromosomes are classified as metacentric (centromere in the middle), submetacentric (centromere slightly off-center), acrocentric (centromere near one end), and telocentric (centromere at the very end). Defects in centromere function can lead to aneuploidy, a condition where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which is often associated with developmental disorders and cancer.