Cav3Kanäle

Cav3 Kanäle, also known as T-type calcium channels, are a class of voltage-gated calcium channels. They are characterized by their low voltage of activation, meaning they open in response to relatively small changes in membrane potential, typically around -60 to -40 millivolts. These channels are encoded by three genes in mammals: CACNA1G, CACNA1H, and CACNA1I, which produce the alpha-1 subunits of the Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 channels, respectively.

Cav3 Kanäle play crucial roles in various physiological processes. In the nervous system, they are involved in neuronal excitability, regulating intrinsic firing properties and contributing to rhythmic activity in certain neuronal populations. They are particularly important in the generation of burst firing patterns, which are significant for neuronal communication and plasticity. Beyond the brain, Cav3 Kanäle are found in the heart, smooth muscle, and endocrine cells, where they influence functions such as cardiac rhythmicity and hormone secretion.

Dysfunction of Cav3 Kanäle has been linked to a range of neurological and other disorders. They are implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, particularly absence seizures, where their abnormal activity can lead to generalized spike-and-wave discharges. Furthermore, Cav3 Kanäle are implicated in pain signaling, and their modulation is being investigated as a therapeutic strategy for chronic pain conditions. Research into Cav3 Kanäle continues to uncover their diverse roles and potential as drug targets.