Catabolismi

Catabolism refers to the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units that release energy, either by oxidation or hydrolysis. This process is a fundamental part of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. Catabolism provides the energy necessary for cellular activities and the building blocks for anabolism, the constructive part of metabolism.

Key catabolic processes include the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. For example, cellular respiration is a major catabolic pathway where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be further processed. Proteins are degraded into amino acids, which can be used for energy or to synthesize new proteins.

Catabolism occurs in all living cells, from bacteria to plants to animals. The efficiency and specific pathways involved can vary depending on the organism and the available nutrients. Hormones play a crucial role in regulating catabolic processes, signaling when the body needs to break down stored energy reserves, such as during fasting or periods of increased physical activity. Understanding catabolism is vital for comprehending how organisms obtain and utilize energy for survival and growth.