COMT1

COMT1 is a gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme called catechol-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme is primarily involved in the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It achieves this by transferring a methyl group from a molecule called S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to one of these catecholamines. This process is a key step in regulating the levels and activity of these signaling molecules.

Variations in the COMT1 gene can affect the activity of the enzyme. Some common variants lead to a less active form of the enzyme, which may result in higher levels of neurotransmitters. Conversely, other variants can lead to a more active enzyme, potentially leading to lower neurotransmitter levels. These differences in enzyme activity have been linked to variations in susceptibility to certain neurological and psychiatric conditions, as well as differences in pain perception and response to medications. Research continues to explore the precise roles of COMT1 variations in human health and disease.