CMXCIII

CMXCIII is the Roman numeral representation of the number 993. It is formed by combining subtractive and additive principles: CM denotes 900 (1000 minus 100), XC denotes 90 (100 minus 10), and III denotes 3, giving 900 + 90 + 3 = 993.

Roman numerals were used in ancient Rome and continued in Europe through the Middle Ages. CMXCIII uses subtractive notation, where a smaller numeral placed before a larger numeral subtracts its value (as in CM and XC).

Today, Roman numerals are used in various contexts such as clock faces, book chapter headings, monarch names, film subtitles, and year dating on inscriptions. When CMXCIII appears in text, it commonly indicates the year 993 CE or 993 AD, though the exact year should be interpreted from context.

CMXCIII itself does not denote any widely recognized title or concept beyond its numeric value, unless used as a code or designation in a particular system.