CDSn

CDSn refers to a family of cyclic dinucleotide signaling molecules that play crucial roles in various biological processes across different organisms. These molecules, typically composed of two guanosine monophosphate (GMP) units linked by a phosphodiester bond, act as intracellular second messengers. Their primary function is to mediate responses to environmental cues and internal cellular states.

In bacteria, CDSn molecules are involved in regulating biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. They can activate specific effector proteins, which in turn control gene expression and metabolic pathways. This allows bacteria to adapt to changing conditions and coordinate group behaviors.

In eukaryotes, CDSn signaling is particularly important in the immune system. Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a well-studied CDSn that binds to the STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) protein. Upon binding cGAMP, STING is activated and initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the production of type I interferons and other inflammatory mediators. This response is critical for defending against viral infections and other intracellular pathogens. Research into CDSn signaling continues to uncover new roles and mechanisms of action, highlighting their broad significance in cellular communication and organismal health.