CCR5antagonists

CCR5 antagonists are a class of drugs used primarily in the treatment of HIV infection. They work by blocking the CCR5 receptor, which is a co-receptor found on the surface of certain immune cells, particularly T cells. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses CCR5 as an entry point into these cells. By binding to the CCR5 receptor, these drugs prevent HIV from attaching to and entering the host cells, thus inhibiting viral replication.

These medications are a crucial component of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-positive individuals. They are typically used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs that target different stages of the HIV life cycle. CCR5 antagonists are generally reserved for patients who are infected with HIV-1 strains that are R5-tropic, meaning they primarily use the CCR5 co-receptor for entry. Patients are usually screened to determine the tropism of their HIV before initiating CCR5 antagonist therapy.

Maraviroc is the most well-known CCR5 antagonist. It is administered orally. The development of CCR5 antagonists has provided an important alternative treatment option for some HIV patients, particularly those who have developed resistance to other classes of antiretroviral drugs or who experience significant side effects from other medications. However, like all medications, CCR5 antagonists can have side effects, which are monitored by healthcare professionals. Their use is also contraindicated in individuals with certain liver conditions.