C6H3ClNO2

C6H3ClNO2 is the molecular formula for several isomers, most notably chloronitrobenzene. These compounds are aromatic organic molecules consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one chlorine atom and one nitro group. The specific arrangement of these substituents on the benzene ring determines the particular isomer. Common isomers include 2-chloronitrobenzene, 3-chloronitrobenzene, and 4-chloronitrobenzene.

These chloronitrobenzenes are typically yellow crystalline solids. They have varying degrees of solubility in water but are generally soluble in organic solvents. Their physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point, differ significantly between isomers. For example, 4-chloronitrobenzene has a higher melting point than its ortho and meta counterparts.

Industrially, chloronitrobenzenes are important intermediates in the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals. They are used in the production of dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and rubber chemicals. The nitro group can be reduced to an amino group, yielding chloroanilines, which are further processed. The chlorine atom can also be displaced in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Due to their chemical reactivity and potential toxicity, handling and disposal of these compounds require appropriate safety precautions.