C2H5COOH

C2H5COOH is the molecular formula for propanoic acid, a simple organic carboxylic acid. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent, vinegar-like odor, similar to butanoic acid (C3H7COOH), though slightly milder. Propanoic acid is the second simplest aliphatic carboxylic acid after acetic acid (CH3COOH), and it plays a significant role in various biochemical and industrial processes.

Chemically, propanoic acid consists of a three-carbon chain with a carboxyl functional group (–COOH) attached to the terminal carbon. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it versatile in laboratory and industrial applications. The compound exists primarily in its monomeric form but can dimerize through hydrogen bonding, particularly in nonpolar solvents.

Propanoic acid is naturally occurring in small quantities in certain foods, such as cheese, butter, and some fruits, contributing to their flavor profiles. Industrially, it is synthesized through the oxidation of propanol or by the hydrolysis of propionyl chloride. It serves as a precursor in the production of esters, which are used in fragrances, flavorings, and plasticizers.

In biochemistry, propanoic acid is a key intermediate in the metabolism of certain amino acids, such as valine and isoleucine. It is also involved in the synthesis of lipids and can be converted into propionyl-CoA, an important acetyl-CoA derivative in cellular respiration.

Due to its corrosive properties, propanoic acid requires careful handling, typically with appropriate protective equipment. It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, coatings, and as a solvent in specific chemical processes. Its physical properties, including a boiling point of approximately 141°C (286°F) and a density of about 0.995 g/cm³, make it suitable for various applications in chemical synthesis and research.