ByssusFäden

Byssusfäden, also known as bisso, are filaments secreted by certain species of bivalve mollusks, most notably the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis). These filaments are used by the mollusk to anchor itself to the seabed. The material produced is strong, fine, and lustrous, with a characteristic golden-brown color. Historically, byssusfäden were collected and spun into a rare and luxurious textile known as "sea silk" or "golden wool." This fabric was highly prized for its softness, shimmer, and lightweight nature, often compared to the finest silk.

The process of harvesting byssusfäden was labor-intensive and dangerous, requiring divers to collect the pen shells from their habitats. Once collected, the filaments had to be meticulously cleaned and processed. Spinning and weaving sea silk were complex techniques, and the scarcity of the raw material made the finished product extremely expensive. Consequently, sea silk was primarily worn by royalty and the extremely wealthy in ancient times and during the Renaissance. The use of byssusfäden for textile production declined significantly with the advent of more readily available and affordable materials like silk and cotton. Today, the production of sea silk is virtually nonexistent, and byssusfäden are primarily of scientific and historical interest. The noble pen shell, the main source of byssusfäden, is also critically endangered due to overfishing and habitat degradation.