Bulkpolymerisaatiossa

Bulkpolymerisaatiossa, known in English as bulk polymerization, is a method of synthesizing polymers where the monomer is the only ingredient present in the reaction medium, apart from the initiator. This technique involves polymerizing a liquid monomer without the addition of any solvent or dispersing agent. The reaction mixture consists solely of the monomer, initiator, and any necessary additives like chain transfer agents or stabilizers. As the polymerization proceeds, the viscosity of the medium increases significantly, which can lead to challenges in heat dissipation and mixing.

The primary advantage of bulk polymerization is that the resulting polymer is obtained in a pure form, free from residual solvents or dispersing agents, which simplifies the purification process. This purity is crucial for applications where such contaminants are undesirable. However, the high viscosity of the reaction mixture can impede the removal of heat generated by the exothermic polymerization reaction, potentially leading to uncontrolled temperature rises and broadening of the molecular weight distribution. Efficient stirring becomes increasingly difficult as the polymerization progresses, which can also affect homogeneity and polymer properties. Despite these challenges, bulk polymerization is utilized for producing various polymers, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene, especially when high purity is a key requirement. Control over reaction conditions, such as temperature and initiator concentration, is critical for successful implementation.