Braggszóródás

Braggszóródás, also known as Bragg scattering, is a phenomenon observed when X-rays or other waves interact with a crystal lattice. It occurs when the wavelength of the incident radiation is comparable to the spacing between atoms in the crystal. This interaction leads to the diffraction of the waves at specific angles.

The fundamental principle behind Bragg scattering is constructive interference. When waves are scattered by parallel planes of atoms within the crystal, they can reinforce each other. This reinforcement happens only when the path difference between waves scattered from successive planes is an integer multiple of the wavelength. This relationship is mathematically described by Bragg's Law, which states nλ = 2d sin(θ), where n is an integer, λ is the wavelength of the radiation, d is the spacing between the atomic planes, and θ is the angle of incidence.

Observing the angles at which constructive interference occurs allows scientists to determine the spacing of atomic planes within a crystal. This technique is crucial in crystallography and materials science. By analyzing the diffraction pattern produced by Bragg scattering, researchers can deduce the arrangement of atoms in a crystal, its structure, and its properties. It is a non-destructive method widely used for identifying unknown crystalline materials and characterizing their structures. The intensity of the scattered waves at different angles also provides information about the types of atoms present and their positions within the unit cell of the crystal.