Bozon

Bozon is the transliteration used in some languages for what in English is called a boson. A bozon (boson) is a quantum particle with integer spin, and it obeys Bose-Einstein statistics, which allows multiple identical particles to occupy the same quantum state.

Bozons differ from fermions, which have half-integer spin and obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, enforcing the Pauli exclusion principle. The symmetric nature of a boson’s wavefunction under particle exchange leads to collective phenomena such as coherence and superfluidity. Bosons can be elementary particles, like gauge bosons, or composite particles such as mesons.

In the Standard Model of particle physics, examples of bosons include the photon, gluon, and the W and Z bosons, which act as force carriers for the electromagnetic, strong, and weak forces, respectively. The Higgs boson is a scalar boson associated with the Higgs field, responsible for giving mass to certain particles. Composite bosons also exist, including certain mesons and nuclei with even total spin, such as helium-4.

The term boson honors Satyendra Nath Bose, whose work with Einstein laid the foundation for quantum statistics. In English, the spelling boson is standard, while bozon remains common in some languages or transliterations. The concept of bosons is central to many quantum phenomena, from lasers and superconductivity to particle interactions in high-energy physics.