Botulinumneurotoksiini

Botulinum neurotoxin is a potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is the substance that causes botulism, a serious paralytic illness. There are several distinct serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin, designated A through G, with types A, B, E, and F being the most common causes of human botulism. The toxin works by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from nerve endings. Acetylcholine is crucial for muscle contraction, so when its release is blocked, the muscles become paralyzed.

Despite its toxicity, botulinum neurotoxin has found important medical and cosmetic applications. In highly diluted and purified forms, it is used therapeutically to treat a variety of muscle-related conditions. These include muscle spasms, spasticity, and dystonias, such as cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. It is also used to treat excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), migraines, and overactive bladder.

In cosmetic dermatology, botulinum neurotoxin is widely known by brand names such as Botox. It is injected into specific facial muscles to temporarily reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, particularly those caused by facial expressions, like frown lines and crow's feet. The effects are temporary, typically lasting for several months, after which the treatment needs to be repeated. The administration of botulinum neurotoxin, whether for medical or cosmetic purposes, should always be performed by a trained and qualified healthcare professional due to its potential for serious side effects if administered incorrectly.