Biogeographical
Biogeographical is an adjective relating to biogeography, the scientific study of the spatial and temporal distribution of living organisms. Biogeographical analysis seeks to understand why species occur where they do, how distributions have changed through geological time, and how interactions among organisms and their environments shape ecosystems.
Core concepts include distribution patterns, barriers to dispersal such as oceans or mountain ranges, and processes
Methods combine paleontological data, comparative biogeography, molecular genetics, and modern tools like species distribution modeling, geographic
Applications include conservation planning, identifying refugia and source populations, and projecting range shifts under climate change.
Limitations arise from spatial and temporal scale dependence, incomplete fossil records, and uncertainty in historical reconstructions.