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A BibTeX file is a plain text file used to store bibliographic data for use with the BibTeX processing tool, which is often employed with LaTeX for academic writing. The primary purpose of a BibTeX file is to separate citation information from the main document, allowing for consistent formatting of bibliographies across a project or publication. These files have a .bib extension.

Each entry in a BibTeX file represents a single bibliographic item, such as a book, article, or website. These entries are categorized by a type, such as @article, @book, or @misc. Following the entry type, there is a unique citation key that is used to refer to the item within the LaTeX document. The rest of the entry consists of key-value pairs, where the keys represent bibliographic fields like author, title, year, and publisher, and the values contain the specific information for that item. For example, an author field might look like author = {Smith, John}.

BibTeX files facilitate the generation of formatted bibliographies and citations in various styles. By using a style file (often with a .bst extension), BibTeX can automatically arrange and format the references according to specific academic or publisher requirements, saving authors significant time and ensuring uniformity.