Biag

Biag is a Filipino term meaning life in the Ilocano language. It is most widely known through the epic poem Biag ni Lam-ang, which translates as The Life of Lam-ang. The epic is a foundational work of Ilocano literature and exists in multiple manuscript traditions that derive from an older oral tradition in the Ilocos region. The earliest written versions were compiled in the 17th century by Pedro Bucaneg, a blind Ilocano poet, who transcribed and preserved a landscape of local myth, history, and social custom.

The narrative centers on Lam-ang, a legendary Ilocano hero, and recounts his miraculous birth, impressive exploits, and his courtship and marriage to Ines Kannoyan of Calanutian. The story blends elements of folklore with reflections of Ilocano life, including themes of bravery, honor, family loyalty, and community identity. Its episodes commonly feature magical or supernatural elements, animal helpers, and feats of strength, which are characteristic of early Philippine epic poetry.

Biag ni Lam-ang is regarded as a seminal text in Philippine literature for its early representation of northern Philippine society and its status as one of the first major works to be committed to writing from oral tradition. It has been translated into English and Filipino and remains a subject of scholarly study in language, narrative technique, and cultural history. Variants of the tale continue to be taught and performed, demonstrating its enduring influence in Ilocano culture.