Besnagar

Besnagar was an ancient Indian city, located in the present-day state of Madhya Pradesh. Situated at the confluence of the Veda and the Besli rivers, it was a prominent urban center and a significant trade hub. Archaeological evidence suggests that Besnagar was inhabited from around the 6th century BCE and flourished for centuries. It was a part of various empires and kingdoms throughout its history, including the Mauryan Empire and later the Gupta Empire.

The city is particularly known for the discovery of the Heliodorus pillar, a stone monument inscribed with a dedicatory inscription in Brahmi script. This inscription states that the pillar was erected by Heliodorus, a Greek ambassador from the Indo-Greek kingdom of Taxila, in honor of Vasudeva, a form of Vishnu. This pillar is significant as it provides early evidence of the presence and influence of Greek culture in ancient India and the adoption of Hindu deities by foreign rulers. Excavations at Besnagar have also unearthed numerous artifacts, including pottery, coins, and sculptures, offering insights into the socio-economic and religious life of the period. The site's strategic location on ancient trade routes contributed to its prosperity and cultural exchange.