Beetalaktamiini

Beetalaktamiini, also known as beta-lactam, is a class of antibiotics characterized by a four-membered beta-lactam ring. This ring is essential for their antibacterial activity. Beta-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a crucial component of bacterial cell walls. By interfering with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, these antibiotics weaken the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.

The most well-known examples of beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillins and cephalosporins. Other important subclasses are carbapenems and monobactams. Their discovery has been a cornerstone of modern medicine, providing effective treatments for a wide range of bacterial infections since their introduction in the mid-20th century.

Beta-lactam antibiotics are generally bactericidal, meaning they kill bacteria. They are effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, although their spectrum of activity varies depending on the specific drug. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is a significant concern in public health. Bacteria can develop resistance through various mechanisms, including the production of enzymes called beta-lactamases, which break down the beta-lactam ring, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. Careful use and development of new beta-lactam derivatives and alternative antibiotics are ongoing efforts to combat this challenge.