Batérií

Batérií is a term derived from the Latin word "batteria," meaning a collection of things. In its most common usage, it refers to a device that stores and supplies electrical energy. This is typically achieved through electrochemical reactions. Batteries are essential components in a vast array of modern technologies, from portable electronics like smartphones and laptops to larger applications such as electric vehicles and backup power systems.

The fundamental principle behind most batteries involves two electrodes, a positive (cathode) and a negative (anode), separated by an electrolyte. Chemical reactions at the electrodes cause electrons to flow through an external circuit, generating an electric current. The specific materials used for the electrodes and electrolyte determine the battery's voltage, capacity, and lifespan. Common types include alkaline batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and lead-acid batteries, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy density, cost, and environmental impact.

Batteries can be broadly categorized as primary (non-rechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable). Primary batteries are designed for single use and are discarded once depleted, while secondary batteries can be recharged multiple times by reversing the electrochemical process. The development of more efficient, longer-lasting, and environmentally friendly battery technologies is a significant area of ongoing research and development, driven by the increasing demand for energy storage solutions.