Basálticas

Basálticas refers to rocks that are primarily composed of basalt. Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon. It is the most common type of volcanic rock on Earth. Basaltic rocks are characterized by their high content of magnesium and iron, which contributes to their dark hue. Minerals commonly found in basalt include plagioclase feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene.

Basaltic formations are prevalent in various geological settings. Mid-ocean ridges, where tectonic plates diverge, are a major source of basaltic crust. Large igneous provinces, which are massive outpourings of magma, also consist largely of basaltic rocks. On continents, basaltic lava flows can create extensive plains known as basalt plateaus or flood basalts, such as those found in the Deccan Traps in India or the Columbia River Plateau in the United States. Volcanic islands, like Hawaii, are also predominantly built from basaltic eruptions.

The properties of basaltic rocks make them useful in construction and industry. Their hardness and durability lend themselves to use as aggregate for roads and buildings. Basalt fibers, created by melting basalt and extruding it into fine strands, are used in various applications, including insulation and reinforcement. The study of basaltic rocks provides crucial insights into volcanic processes, plate tectonics, and the composition of planetary crusts.