Ballasztágy

Ballasztágy is a Hungarian term referring to a load-bearing layer in railway track construction. It is the material that directly supports the railway sleepers (or ties) and distributes the load from the train wheels to the underlying formation. Typically, ballast consists of crushed stone, gravel, or slag, carefully selected for its angular shape, durability, and appropriate size gradation. The angularity of the ballast particles interlocks, providing stability and resistance to movement under the dynamic forces exerted by passing trains.

The primary functions of ballast are to provide a stable and level bed for the track, allow for drainage of water away from the track structure, and absorb vibrations and shock. Proper ballast depth and width are crucial for track stability and longevity. Insufficient ballast can lead to track deformation, increased wear on components, and a rougher ride for passengers. Maintenance of the ballast, including tamping (re-compacting the ballast under the sleepers) and cleaning (removing fine material that impedes drainage), is a regular and essential part of railway track upkeep. The quality and condition of the ballasztágy directly impact the safety and efficiency of railway operations.